Even though conflict has always been a part of history, peace and conflict studies aim to reduce conflict in the future by studying ways to avoid it. This is done by studying causes of violent conflict, then explaining to others how conflict begins and how to manage or avoid it.

An African educational adventure can be exciting since the continent's rich traditional heritage is so vital to the culture. Africans legendary hospitality is welcoming to strangers and its multiethnic cities so exciting with its African music, dance and arts, both traditional and modern, constitute whole other worlds of application and delight; and there is a couple of esthetic experiences wherever you go to compare and contrast with the color, swirl, smell, and sounds of an African market.

The PhD is a doctoral degree, specifically called a "doctor of philosophy" degree. This is misleading because PhD holders are not necessarily philosophers (unless they earned their degree in philosophy!). That said, PhD recipients are able to engage in thought experiments, reason about problems, and solve problems in sophisticated ways.